Within the first 12 months of Brexit immigration rules (up to December 2021), net migration jumped to 484,000; higher than any level in the past decade.

This trajectory has largely increased; revised government figures for the year ending June 2023 show record-breaking levels of net migration at 906,000 people.

In the four years before Brexit, net migration was higher from EU countries than non-EU countries.

Since 2019, data shows that the majority of net migration to the UK comes from non-EU countries; with figures at 662,000 in 2023 alone.

In fact, since 2021 when Brexit rules came into effect, net migration from the EU has been negative; meaning that more EU nationals are leaving the UK than coming to stay.

Brexit arguably had the intended effect of curbing EU migration. But the broader migration picture has simultaneously ballooned.

The top countries for non-EU immigration are India, Nigeria, Pakistan, China and Zimbabwe, according to the latest ONS figures.